What grows mushrooms in the forest?

In Belarus are growing about 2000 species of fungi. About 200 species of them edible, explained researcher at the Laboratory of Mycology of the Institute of Experimental Botany. VF Kuprevich National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Sergei Zhdanovich. Conditionally edible mushroom is a mushroom that can be eaten only after proper pretreatment. In our country grows 15 kinds of poisonous mushrooms.

The most common poisonous mushrooms include pale toadstool, Amanita viruses, Amanita mascaras, Amanita pandering, volokonnitsu blushing, lozhnoopenok sernozhelty, svinushki thin gyromitra esculent, Agarics Xanthodermus, glaring trimmed, and others. They are often confused with edible mushrooms russula, greenfinch, edible species of mushrooms, mushrooms, edible species radio.

Incidentally, in the forests of Belarus can be found truffles: We grow several kinds of rare edible fungi. Mainly in Poleis, where a lot of oak. The Red Book of Belarus entered reddish brown truffle, truffle Boras, Russian black truffle.Going to the woods for mushrooms, it is important not only to differentiate their species, but also to know the place where you can pick mushrooms. After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Belarus, there is a real danger dial fungi contaminated with radio nuclides.

Every 5 years in the territory of our country are examined that relate to areas of radioactive contamination, said the chief of the sector of research and practical work SI Republican Centre for Radiation Control and Environmental Monitoring Olga Zhukov. From 1986 to 2010 the area of the territory of the republic with the level of cesium137 over 1 Ci / km 2 as a result of natural decay has decreased by 1.6 times and as of January 1, 2010 was 14.5% of the total territory of the republic. During the same period the land contaminated with strontium90 levels greater than 0.15 Ci / km2, decreased from 21.1 thousand. To 13 thousand km2. Km2.

According to the rules of forest management is not always possible to collect forest products, said lead engineer SE Bellesozaschita Larisa Karbanovich. Mushrooms and berries are encouraged to collect forest blocks with a density of soil contamination with cesium137, less than 2 Ci / km2.

The locals tend to know clean mushroom places. But the mushroom experts advise visitors at the entrance (entry) to the forest to pay special attention to the warning signs. Forestry installs them if they patronized site recorded contamination. Mushroom picking is forbidden, if the density of soil contamination with cesium137 is more than 5 Ci / km2. For information about the radiation situation in the forests can also be found on the websites of forestry enterprises, institutions Bellesozaschita Ministry of Forestry.

It is important to know that mushrooms are conventionally divided into groups according to ability to accumulate radionuclides. Thus, estimates of location, umbrella, rain, mushrooms, oyster accumulate them smaller than the other fungi.

By srednenakaplivayuschim include porcini mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus, aspen. Collect them standing in the woods with the density of soil contamination to 2 Ci / km2 with a mandatory test of the content of radionuclides.

Shiitake, volnushki, green fodder, chicken, svinushki, Polish mushrooms, butter mushrooms, Mokhovikov, russules considered strong drives of cesium137. It is better to get round.

With the opening of the mushroom season, added work and physicians. In Belarus the beginning of the year 48 people were poisoned by mushrooms. The main share of mushroom poisoning accounts for the Gomel region and Minsk.

In general, a steady tendency to reduce the number of patients who were poisoned by mushrooms was told the doctor in resuscitation department of toxicology KM Emergency Hospital in Minsk, Arkady. Only if a person ate a mushroom that contains toxic substances, it is possible to speak of poisoning.

By the way, on the night of 3 to 4 September, it was 5 people with poisoning presumably some form of mushroom. But the last case of poisoning poisonous mushrooms recorded in Minsk in 2009. Then pale toadstool allegedly poisoned two people, and another five – svinushki.. But the vast majority of patients admitted with initial diagnosis of mushroom poisoning, it was not confirmed. Most people are hospitalized due to a pathological process in the gastrointestinal tract, or exacerbation of chronic diseases.

The doctor warns that you can feel discomfort after eating edible mushrooms, if we neglect the rules of their preparation and storage (poorly cleaned, do not boil before roasting, heat treated long enough). Particular attention should remove milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, and other mlechnikam volnushki that require particularly careful culinary training.

We must remember that mushrooms a heavy meal. Therefore it is not recommended to eat mushrooms children under 12 and people over 60, pregnant women.

 Want to avoid mushroom poisoning it is better to not eat them. And if you really want to taste the mushrooms, chose the oyster mushrooms and champignons. Everything else at your own risk the doctor said.  Sometimes on Friday see how people go into the woods for mushrooms, and on Saturday and Sunday they are whole families are in intensive care. Going into the woods on a quiet hunt, remember: it is not clear who hunted you’re on mushrooms or them you.

If you are still unable to give up his hobby, mushroom, fungoterapevt, owner of the estate, Mushroom Victor Chikuenok offers to try to grow their own in the gardens, in special rooms. Most cultivated mushrooms and oyster mushrooms.

Mushrooms, which are sold on the market fungi harmless, but useless. But oyster mushrooms have useful properties: they lower cholesterol, thin the blood, help the pancreas, normalize the immune system, and others. To grow mushrooms can be at home  in a city apartment, for example, on a windowsill or in the country, and even to organize smallscale production. And, importantly, you will always be sure that the mushrooms are safe for the health of your family.

Collect only known mushrooms (there are special directories edible and poisonous mushrooms); Do not store fresh mushrooms over 1824 hours at a temperature not exceeding 10 ° C. do not collect and do not buy on the market overgrown, flabby, damaged by larvae and mold fungi;

• Do not try to suspect the mushrooms taste;
• All mushrooms are boiled and the broth is poured.
• Harvested for future use only young mushrooms;
• Solite, dry, marinate each type of mushroom separately;
• Rinse thoroughly before boiling the mushrooms, clean from sand and soil particles adhered needles and leaves, wash thoroughly with repeated change of water.